Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Automobile Safety shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Automobile Safety offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Automobile Safety at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Automobile Safety? Wrong! If the Automobile Safety is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Automobile Safety then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Automobile Safety? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Automobile Safety and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Automobile Safety wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Automobile Safety then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Automobile Safety site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Automobile Safety, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Automobile Safety, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

Automobile safety is the avoidance of automobile accidents or the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. Numerous safety features have been built into cars for years, some for the safety of car's occupants only, some for the safety of others.

Road traffic injuries represent about 25% of worldwide injury-related deaths (the leading cause) with an estimated 1.2 million deaths (2004) each year - World Health Organization World Health Organization: World report on road traffic injury prevention (2004)).

Major factors in accidents include drunk driving or other recreational drug use; inattentive driving; crash compatibility between vehicles; driving while fatigued or unconscious; encounters with road hazards such as snow, potholes, and crossing animals; or reckless driving.

History Car safety became an issue almost immediately after the invention of the automobile, when Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot crashed his steam-powered "Fardier" against a wall in 1771. One of the earliest recorded automobile fatalities was Mary Ward (scientist), on August 31, 1869 in Parsonstown, Ireland.

In the 1930s, plastic surgeon Claire L. Straith and physician C. J. Strickland advocated the use of seatbelts and padded dashboards. Strickland founded the Automobile Safety League of America http://www.straithclinic.com/aboutUs/history.htmThe Seat Belt, Swedish Research and Development for Global Automotive Safety, ISBN 9163093898 , page 13.

In 1934 General Motors performed the first barrier Crash test VEHICLE SAFETY PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Page 3.

In the 1940s SAAB incorporated aircraft safety thinking into automobiles making the Saab 92 the first production car first with a safety cage 4Car: Saab shows its first concept car.In fact Volvo introduced the Safety Cage in 1944 (while Saab did in 1949).

In 1942 Hugh De Haven published the classic Mechanical analysis of survival in falls from heights of fifty to one hundred and fifty feet http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/6/1/62-b?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=de+haven&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT

In the 1950's, Mercedes-Benz extensively crash tested prototypes. AutoSpeed: Early Mercedes Safety.

In 1958, the United Nations established the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, an international standards body advancing auto safety. Many of the most life saving safety innovations, like seat belts and roll cage construction were brought to market under its auspices.

In 1966, the US established the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) with automobile safety one of its purposes. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) was created as an independent organization on April 1, 1967, but was reliant on the DOT for administration and funding. However, in 1975 the organization was made completely independent by the Independent Safety Board Act (in wikt:P.L. 93-633; Title 49 of the United States Code 1901).

The NTSB and its European equivalent, EuroNCAP have each issued independent safety tests for all new automobiles, without NHTSA.

In June, 2004 the NTSB released new tests designed to test the rollover risk of new cars and SUVs. Only the Mazda RX-8 got a 5-star rating. However, the correlation between official crash test results and road deaths in vehicles is not exact. An alternative method of assessing vehicle safety is to study the road accident statistics on a model-by-model basis.

Despite technological advances, the death toll of car accidents remains high: about 40,000 people die every year in the US. While this number increases annually in line with rising population and increased travel, the rate per capita and per vehicle miles travelled decreases. In 1996 the US had about 2 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles, comparable to 1.9 in Germany, 2.6 in France, and 1.5 in the UK Estimating global road fatalities - Regional Analyses - Highly Motorised Countries. In 1998 there were 3,421 fatal accidents in the UK, the fewest since 1926 UK Road deaths fall to record low, BBC News, September 9, 1999.

A much higher number of accidents result in permanent disability.

Colour A Swedish study found that pink cars are involved in the fewest accidents, with black cars being most often involved in crashes. This test also showed Saab to be the "safest car in Sweden terms of passive safety" (Land transport NZ 2005).

In Auckland New Zealand, a study found that there was a significantly lower rate of serious injury in silver cars; with higher rates in brown, black, and green cars. (Furness et al, 2003)

Passenger safety when driving Pregnant women When pregnant, women should continue to use seatbelts and airbags properly. A University of Michigan study found that "unrestrained or improperly restrained pregnant women are 5.7 times more likely to have an adverse foetal outcome than properly restrained pregnant women" . If seatbelts are not long enough, extensions are available from the car manufacturer or an aftermarket supplier.

Children Car safety is especially critical for young children, as car safety is generally designed for normal sized adults. Safety features that could save an adult can actually cause more damage to a child than if the feature was not there. It is important to review with others, who may be supervising the child, the rules for car safety. All children age 12 and under should ride in the back seat. Also children weighing less than 85 lb (40 kg) should be in the back seat. This is especially the case if there are airbags in the front seat, as airbags are only designed to protect adults and may injure children. That is not just an opinion but is also law in many of the U.S. states and other countries. The Center for Injury Research and Prevention at The Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia has developed a website for parents and caregivers with extensive information about transporting children safely in automobiles.

Child safety locks prevent children from accidentally opening doors from inside the vehicle, even if the door is unlocked. The door, once unlocked, can then be opened only from the outside. To find out more about laws relating to children car safety contact your local department of transportation authority.

Infants newborn baby should be put in a Baby transport#Car seats until they weigh at least 20 or 22 Pound (mass) (10 or 11 kg). These carriers are designed to be placed in the rear seat and face towards the rear with the baby looking towards the back window. Some of these carriers are "Convertibles" which can also be used forward facing for older children. With infants, these should only be used facing the rear. Safety harness should be at or below shoulder level.

A rear-facing infant restraint must never be put in the front seat of a vehicle with a front passenger air bag. A rear-facing infant restraint places an infant's head close to the air bag module, which can cause severe head injuries or death if the air bag deploys. Modern cars include a switch to turn off the airbag system of the passenger seat, in which case a child-supporting seat must be installed.

Toddlers Toddlers over 1 year old and between 10 and 20 kg (20 and 40 pounds) should be placed in rearward facing child seats or convertibles placed in the rear seat. Harness straps should be at or above the child's shoulders.In Scandinavia the recommendation is to use rearward facing seats up to the age of 4 or 5 (size of seat permitting), and in Scandinavia you will find very few children under the age of 4 facing forward.

Young children Children who weigh less than 80 pounds (35 kg), are younger than 8, or are shorter than 4 ft 9 in (1.4 m) are advised to use belt positioning booster seats which raise them to a level that allows seat belts to work effectively. These seats are forward facing and must be used with both lap and shoulder belts.

Make sure the lap belt fits low and tight across the lap/upper thigh area and the shoulder belt fits snug crossing the chest and shoulder to avoid abdominal injuries.

There are two main types of booster seats. If the car's back seat is lower than the child's ears, a high back booster seat should be used to help protect the child's head and neck. If the car's seat back is higher than the child's ears, a backless booster seat can be used.

Teenage Drivers Most areas in the United States will issue a full driver's license at the age of 16, and all within a range between 14 and 18 . In addition to being relatively inexperienced, teen drivers are also cognitively immature, compared to other drivers. This combination leads to an increased risk of accidents among this demographic. Brain Immaturity Could Explain Teen Crash Rate, Washington Post, February 1, 2005.

Safety dangers Main safety dangers for automobiles are the wind (maintaining the direction) and the rain.

Other safety dangers include drunk driving, driving when fatigued or unconscious, or driving with distractions inside the car.

Driving while talking on your cell phone can be exceptionally hazardus, due to the fact that you are taking your mind off driving, even with hands free items, such as bluetooth headsets.

Safety features Active safety refers to systems in a vehicle which utilize feedback, using information about a car's external environment to change the response of the vehicle and improve the safety of the vehicle in the pre-crash time period, or during the crash event.

Passive safety refers to built-in features of the vehicle such as crumple zones, seatbelts, and airbags, which work passively to prevent injury and do not change their action in response to crash scenario or severity.

Active safety To make driving safer and prevent crashes from occurring, and also to better protect occupants during a crash, cars may have the following active safety features:



Passive safety drivers steering wheel with airbag.When a crash is imminent, various passive safety systems work together to minimize injury to the individuals involved. Much research has been done using Crash test dummy to make modern cars safer than ever. Recently, attention has also been given to cars' design regarding the Pedestrian Safety Through Vehicle Design. Controversial proposals in Europe would require cars sold there to have a minimum/maximum hood height. This has caused automakers to complain that the requirements will restrict their design choices, resulting in ugly cars. Others have pointed out that a notable percentage of pedestrians in these accidents are drunk. From 2006 the use of "bull bars" (known as "roo bars" in Australia), in fashion on Four wheel drives and SUVs, will be illegal.

See also



References | last = Evans | first = Leonard | authorlink = Leanard Evans | title = Traffic Safety | publisher = Science Serving Society | date = 2004 | isbn = 0975487108 -->

External links

Automobile safety is the avoidance of automobile accidents or the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. Numerous safety features have been built into cars for years, some for the safety of car's occupants only, some for the safety of others.

Road traffic injuries represent about 25% of worldwide injury-related deaths (the leading cause) with an estimated 1.2 million deaths (2004) each year - World Health Organization World Health Organization: World report on road traffic injury prevention (2004)).

Major factors in accidents include drunk driving or other recreational drug use; inattentive driving; crash compatibility between vehicles; driving while fatigued or unconscious; encounters with road hazards such as snow, potholes, and crossing animals; or reckless driving.

History Car safety became an issue almost immediately after the invention of the automobile, when Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot crashed his steam-powered "Fardier" against a wall in 1771. One of the earliest recorded automobile fatalities was Mary Ward (scientist), on August 31, 1869 in Parsonstown, Ireland.

In the 1930s, plastic surgeon Claire L. Straith and physician C. J. Strickland advocated the use of seatbelts and padded dashboards. Strickland founded the Automobile Safety League of America http://www.straithclinic.com/aboutUs/history.htmThe Seat Belt, Swedish Research and Development for Global Automotive Safety, ISBN 9163093898 , page 13.

In 1934 General Motors performed the first barrier Crash test VEHICLE SAFETY PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Page 3.

In the 1940s SAAB incorporated aircraft safety thinking into automobiles making the Saab 92 the first production car first with a safety cage 4Car: Saab shows its first concept car.In fact Volvo introduced the Safety Cage in 1944 (while Saab did in 1949).

In 1942 Hugh De Haven published the classic Mechanical analysis of survival in falls from heights of fifty to one hundred and fifty feet http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/6/1/62-b?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=de+haven&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT

In the 1950's, Mercedes-Benz extensively crash tested prototypes. AutoSpeed: Early Mercedes Safety.

In 1958, the United Nations established the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, an international standards body advancing auto safety. Many of the most life saving safety innovations, like seat belts and roll cage construction were brought to market under its auspices.

In 1966, the US established the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) with automobile safety one of its purposes. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) was created as an independent organization on April 1, 1967, but was reliant on the DOT for administration and funding. However, in 1975 the organization was made completely independent by the Independent Safety Board Act (in wikt:P.L. 93-633; Title 49 of the United States Code 1901).

The NTSB and its European equivalent, EuroNCAP have each issued independent safety tests for all new automobiles, without NHTSA.

In June, 2004 the NTSB released new tests designed to test the rollover risk of new cars and SUVs. Only the Mazda RX-8 got a 5-star rating. However, the correlation between official crash test results and road deaths in vehicles is not exact. An alternative method of assessing vehicle safety is to study the road accident statistics on a model-by-model basis.

Despite technological advances, the death toll of car accidents remains high: about 40,000 people die every year in the US. While this number increases annually in line with rising population and increased travel, the rate per capita and per vehicle miles travelled decreases. In 1996 the US had about 2 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles, comparable to 1.9 in Germany, 2.6 in France, and 1.5 in the UK Estimating global road fatalities - Regional Analyses - Highly Motorised Countries. In 1998 there were 3,421 fatal accidents in the UK, the fewest since 1926 UK Road deaths fall to record low, BBC News, September 9, 1999.

A much higher number of accidents result in permanent disability.

Colour A Swedish study found that pink cars are involved in the fewest accidents, with black cars being most often involved in crashes. This test also showed Saab to be the "safest car in Sweden terms of passive safety" (Land transport NZ 2005).

In Auckland New Zealand, a study found that there was a significantly lower rate of serious injury in silver cars; with higher rates in brown, black, and green cars. (Furness et al, 2003)

Passenger safety when driving Pregnant women When pregnant, women should continue to use seatbelts and airbags properly. A University of Michigan study found that "unrestrained or improperly restrained pregnant women are 5.7 times more likely to have an adverse foetal outcome than properly restrained pregnant women" . If seatbelts are not long enough, extensions are available from the car manufacturer or an aftermarket supplier.

Children Car safety is especially critical for young children, as car safety is generally designed for normal sized adults. Safety features that could save an adult can actually cause more damage to a child than if the feature was not there. It is important to review with others, who may be supervising the child, the rules for car safety. All children age 12 and under should ride in the back seat. Also children weighing less than 85 lb (40 kg) should be in the back seat. This is especially the case if there are airbags in the front seat, as airbags are only designed to protect adults and may injure children. That is not just an opinion but is also law in many of the U.S. states and other countries. The Center for Injury Research and Prevention at The Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia has developed a website for parents and caregivers with extensive information about transporting children safely in automobiles.

Child safety locks prevent children from accidentally opening doors from inside the vehicle, even if the door is unlocked. The door, once unlocked, can then be opened only from the outside. To find out more about laws relating to children car safety contact your local department of transportation authority.

Infants newborn baby should be put in a Baby transport#Car seats until they weigh at least 20 or 22 Pound (mass) (10 or 11 kg). These carriers are designed to be placed in the rear seat and face towards the rear with the baby looking towards the back window. Some of these carriers are "Convertibles" which can also be used forward facing for older children. With infants, these should only be used facing the rear. Safety harness should be at or below shoulder level.

A rear-facing infant restraint must never be put in the front seat of a vehicle with a front passenger air bag. A rear-facing infant restraint places an infant's head close to the air bag module, which can cause severe head injuries or death if the air bag deploys. Modern cars include a switch to turn off the airbag system of the passenger seat, in which case a child-supporting seat must be installed.

Toddlers Toddlers over 1 year old and between 10 and 20 kg (20 and 40 pounds) should be placed in rearward facing child seats or convertibles placed in the rear seat. Harness straps should be at or above the child's shoulders.In Scandinavia the recommendation is to use rearward facing seats up to the age of 4 or 5 (size of seat permitting), and in Scandinavia you will find very few children under the age of 4 facing forward.

Young children Children who weigh less than 80 pounds (35 kg), are younger than 8, or are shorter than 4 ft 9 in (1.4 m) are advised to use belt positioning booster seats which raise them to a level that allows seat belts to work effectively. These seats are forward facing and must be used with both lap and shoulder belts.

Make sure the lap belt fits low and tight across the lap/upper thigh area and the shoulder belt fits snug crossing the chest and shoulder to avoid abdominal injuries.

There are two main types of booster seats. If the car's back seat is lower than the child's ears, a high back booster seat should be used to help protect the child's head and neck. If the car's seat back is higher than the child's ears, a backless booster seat can be used.

Teenage Drivers Most areas in the United States will issue a full driver's license at the age of 16, and all within a range between 14 and 18 . In addition to being relatively inexperienced, teen drivers are also cognitively immature, compared to other drivers. This combination leads to an increased risk of accidents among this demographic. Brain Immaturity Could Explain Teen Crash Rate, Washington Post, February 1, 2005.

Safety dangers Main safety dangers for automobiles are the wind (maintaining the direction) and the rain.

Other safety dangers include drunk driving, driving when fatigued or unconscious, or driving with distractions inside the car.

Driving while talking on your cell phone can be exceptionally hazardus, due to the fact that you are taking your mind off driving, even with hands free items, such as bluetooth headsets.

Safety features Active safety refers to systems in a vehicle which utilize feedback, using information about a car's external environment to change the response of the vehicle and improve the safety of the vehicle in the pre-crash time period, or during the crash event.

Passive safety refers to built-in features of the vehicle such as crumple zones, seatbelts, and airbags, which work passively to prevent injury and do not change their action in response to crash scenario or severity.

Active safety To make driving safer and prevent crashes from occurring, and also to better protect occupants during a crash, cars may have the following active safety features:



Passive safety drivers steering wheel with airbag.When a crash is imminent, various passive safety systems work together to minimize injury to the individuals involved. Much research has been done using Crash test dummy to make modern cars safer than ever. Recently, attention has also been given to cars' design regarding the Pedestrian Safety Through Vehicle Design. Controversial proposals in Europe would require cars sold there to have a minimum/maximum hood height. This has caused automakers to complain that the requirements will restrict their design choices, resulting in ugly cars. Others have pointed out that a notable percentage of pedestrians in these accidents are drunk. From 2006 the use of "bull bars" (known as "roo bars" in Australia), in fashion on Four wheel drives and SUVs, will be illegal.

See also



References | last = Evans | first = Leonard | authorlink = Leanard Evans | title = Traffic Safety | publisher = Science Serving Society | date = 2004 | isbn = 0975487108 -->

External links



 

Automobile Safety



 
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